McDaniel College: Peter Bradley

A friend recently convinced me that much of the content I develop for use in my own classes might be very attractive for other professors. Honestly, it never really occurred to me before. So I've decided to start making some of the stuff available.

My materials fall into three basic categories:

Critical Thinking
Cognitive Science
Pedagogical Games

Research

My primary research is in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of perception. I consider myself an 'empirically-informed' philosopher of mind insofar as I believe that an adequate theory of mind must be constrained by the empirical facts of the matter. My sympathies lie with those calling themselves 'X-Phi', but I don't as of yet actually conduct my own experiments.

My recent work in perception and color is on color constancy:

Color, Constancy and Bayes: A new approach to representational theories of color constancy. DRAFT - do not quote. Full paper forthcoming in Philosophical Psychology.
A history of color constancy research (in progress)

I am also interested in the teaching of philosophy, and recently have taken up work on the basic scientific reasoning taught in critical thinking courses. For the most part, I believe this is a disaster. Philosophers of science have largely abandoned the D-N model of explanation, yet we still teach most CT classes as if it were the case. We need to develop instructional content that emphasized modeling and investigating mechanisms. Here are a few of my projects in that arena:

AAPT Talk 2008 DRAFT - Do not quote.
Paper (in progress)
GizmoModeling
"An Open-Source Modular Interactive Critical Thinking Textbook" NA-CAP, Summer '08
"Interactive Computer-Based Activities for Undergraduate Cog Sci Instruction: Training in their Use & Exploring Future Directions in their Development and Dissemination", with others CogSci Workshop, Summer '08
"An Open-Source Modular Interactive Critical Thinking Textbook" AAPT, Summer '07

Projects

As is my way, I am involved in more projects than I can count. Here are a few of the more important ones:

The Inquiry Project
	The Inquiry project is an online, modular interactive textbook for critical thinking and basic scientific reasoning. It started life as a FIPSE grant to support research methods in cognitive science, and can still be used for that purpose. For more information, visit one of the mirrored hosts of inquiry: http://inquiry.mcdaniel.edu http://inquiry.ucsd.edu http://inquiry.wustl.edu Recent Presentations "An Open-Source Modular Interactive Critical Thinking Textbook" NA-CAP, Summer '08 "Interactive Computer-Based Activities for Undergraduate Cog Sci Instruction: Training in their Use & Exploring Future Directions in their Development and Dissemination", with others CogSci Workshop, Summer '08 "An Open-Source Modular Interactive Critical Thinking Textbook" AAPT, Summer '07
Teaching Philosophy Blog
	A few months ago, I launched a blog on teaching philosophy. The idea is not to provide a forum for pontificating on teaching - although there will be some of that. The idea, rather, is to provide a place to note and share teachable moments, electronic resources, ideas, tips and tricks as they appear. Teaching Philosophy is a wonderful journal. It is not our goal to do what they do. The idea here are that there is a great deal of useful examples and techniques out there that do not rise to the level of a full paper in Teaching Philosophy. We're tryting to provide a resource for sharing those ideas. Main Site RSS Feed (to add to iGoogle, myYahoo, etc)
CCSI Blog
	At the CogSci workshop last august, we formally launched the Consortium on Cognitive Science Instruction (CCSI). One of our goals was to provide a resource for sharing ideas and materials as they became available. As I was already putting together the Teaching Philosophy blog, I volunteered to do the same thing for CCSI. The result is this blog. Main Site RSS Feed (to add to iGoogle, myYahoo, etc)

Courses

I generally try to offer my courses on a 2 year cycle. Here is a rough draft of my long-range plan. To see current courses, click on 'current' to the left.

First Year Sem
	Usually 'Critical Thinking', but will become a 'Reacting to the Past' course in the Fall of '09. Offered every other year, alternating with Dr. Jakoby. Description See description for 'Critical Thinking'
Sophomore Interdisciplinary Seminar
	Currently planning 'Color' with Dr.s Mian (Physics) and Morrison (Bio) and Mr. Pearson (Studio). Will be offered Spring '11. Description Coming Soon!
Phil 1102: Critical Thinking
	Offered biennially in the fall, alternating with the FYS. Will teach it fall '08. Also offered by Anne Nestor. Description Until recently, I believed that groundhogs don't climb trees. It turns out that my belief was false: groundhogs do, in fact, climb trees. On what basis did I change my mind? Well, on what basis do any of us change our minds? On what basis should any of us change our minds? Do we have reasons for believing what we believe? If not, shouldn't we? What kind? Should we ground our beliefs in scientific evidence? And how do we sort out solid scientific evidence from pseudoscientific conjectures? How do others (notably politicians, pundits and marketing execs) seek to manipulate our beliefs and behavior for their own benefit? Critical thinking empowers students to recognize fallacious reasoning, manipulative rhetoric, and other dubious defenses of faulty beliefs. It encourages students to explore various methods of justification, explanation and argumentation in order to understand why we believe what we believe. In this course, we consider reasoning - how we seek to influence other people's beliefs, and how our beliefs are influenced by others. We search for a good basis upon which to change our beliefs, and we analyze how those in the marketing and political worlds seek to manipulate us into buying their product or voting for their candidate.
Phil 2233: Elementary Logic
	Offered annually in the fall. Will teach it fall '08. Description An introduction to formal logic, propositional and predicate. The study of various forms of inference, theorems, derivations and proofs. And a little metalogic thrown in for good measure.
Phil 2221: Minds and Machines
	Offered biennially in the spring. Last taught Spring '08 (Current web site). Description This course seeks to investigate the nature of consciousness - from the awareness of being aware to the kind of phenomenal awareness that a honeybee might possess. The nature of consciousness as the object of scientific investigation, as well as the possibility of reducing consciousness to physical, brain, states, will also be discussed.
Phil 2222: Philosophy of Art
	Offered biennially in the spring. Last taught Spring '08 (Current web site). Description When Duchamp placed a urinal in the Philadelphia Art Museum and called it 'Fountain', did he make it art? Or is it the art world's response to Duchamp's act that made it art? Are Christo's gates in Central Park Art? Or is it the process of getting approval, designing, and ultimately placing the gates that is the art? Is Kenny G on the same level as John Coltrane? Is Eminem the equal of Mozart? Is 'folk' art Art? On what grounds can art be judged? And on what grounds can we distinguish, if at all, between 'high' art and 'low' art?
Phil 3305: Anarchy, Autonomy and Authority
	Offered biennially, may be moved to fall. Last taught Spring '08 (Current web site). Description An introduction to the conceptual foundations, justification and critiques of different forms of social organization, including governments, nation-states, corporations and communes. Critical attention will be paid to how the conceptualization of humans – whether it be in terms of their relationship to a creator or in terms of their ‘natural’ state – motivates various social / political theories.
Phil 33XX: Minds and Language
	Offered (hopefully) biennially, in the fall. Last taught Fall '05. Will be taught Fall '08. Description How do words get their meanings? In the 1400's, the word 'nice' meant 'wanton, slovenly or loose-mannered'. Suppose there was a guy named 'Peter' who lived in 15th century Britain. One day he thinks 'Oh, she's nice'. If you think to yourself 'Oh, she's nice' today, in American, do you mean the same thing? Probably not. But does that mean that Peter cannot think about someone being kind, good mannered and friendly? How much do the words we use influence or determine the way we think, or even what we think about? For that matter, can I think without language at all? How if I had no language - like a dog or a cat - could I think?
Phil 22/3365: Special Topics
	Recent offerings include: On What Is (Spring '07)
Phil 22/3366: Special Topics in History of Phil
	Recent offerings include: British Empiricism (Fall '07)

News

D.A. Masolo to Speak at McDaniel
	The Philosophy Department and Cross-Cultural Studies Program is pleased to host distinguished philosopher D.A. Masolo on March 11th, 2008. His talk will be titled "The idea and role of community in Contemporary African Philosophic Practice".

Here are a few of my recent papers, including in progress, under review and 'on the drawing board'. For my formal CV, click on the link below.

Color, Constancy and Bayes: A new approach to color constancy. (12/08, Philosophical Psychology)

Full CV

Current Courses: Fall, 2010


Phil1102 (1):Critical Thinking
TTh 1:00-2:30
Jeff Maynes	Hill 004

Description

A study designed to improve the student's critical thinking and reasoning skills. This course will examine different styles of informal and formal reasoning found in a variety of contexts. Emphasis will be placed on identifying and avoiding common fallicies and forms of pseudo- reasoning, uncovering hidden assumptions and evaluating the relative merits of rational arguments and decision-making procedures. Humanities. McDaniel Plan: Textural Analysis

Not crosslisted

Required for both major and minor


Phil1113 (1):Phi From Anc. Times to Renais.
MW 2:20-3:50
Dr. Baron	Hill 004

Description

An introduction to Western philosophy beginning with Egyptian and Greek thought, their development and transformation during the Hellenic and Roman periods, the Christian impact on philosophy during Medieval Times and the revival of classical philosophy and Neo-Platonism in the Renaissance. We will focus on questions such as: What is philosophy? How can we establish knowledge about reality and the metaphysical, how can we cultivate ourselves and face death? Special emphasis will be given to the critical analysis of and reflection on texts and concepts from Hesiod, the Pre-Socratics, Plato, Aristotle, Zeno, Epicurus, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Picco della Mirandola. McDaniel Plan: Social, Cultural, and Historical Understanding Textural Analysis Basic Liberal Arts Requirements: Heritage Sequence, Humanities

Not crosslisted

Required for minor


Phil1172 (1):FYS: Identifying and Avoiding BS
MWF 10:20-11:20 / Tu 9:40-11:10
Dr. Bradley	BMC 100

Description

Lying--the intentional duping of another into believing something false--is generally seen as morally intolerable. But its closely related cousin "BS" is generally seen as benign or even entertaining. Consider, for example, Red Bull's advertising campaign "Red Bull gives you wings" or Coke's recent Super Bowl ad of a sleepwalker. In these ads, there isn't even an attempt to suggest the value of the beverage to the consumer. The claims are ridiculous. They are, to put a fine point on it, "BS." Yet these are highly successful advertising campaigns. In this course will use the work of well-established contemporary philosophers to grapple with the question of why this is. What is "BS"? Why is it tolerated when lying is condemned? And why is there so much of it in American culture? McDaniel Plan: TA

Not crosslisted

Required for minor


Phil2211 (1):Issues of Social Justice
MW 12:40-2:10
Dr. Baron	Hill 004

Description

Crosslisted with: REL 2221

Required for minor
Majors must have at least 2 courses above 2000.


Phil2219 (3):Great Works 1: Why Be Educated?
TTh 1:00-2:30
Dr. Bradley	BMC 100

Description

Representative masterworks of European culture from ancient times through the Renaissance. McDaniel Plan: Textural Analysis

Not crosslisted

Elective
Majors must have at least 2 courses above 2000.


Phil2233 (1):Elementary Logic
MWF 11:30-12:30
Dr. Bradley	Hill 004

Description

An introduction to formal logic, propositional and predicate. The study of various forms of inference, theorems, derivations and proofs. And a little metalogic thrown in for good measure. McDaniel Plan: QR

Not crosslisted

Required for major
Majors must have at least 2 courses above 2000.


Phil2265 (2):Experimental Ethics
MWF 12:40-2:40
Dr. Maynes	Hill 004

Description

The study of a selected topic in the discipline. Different topics are chosen for each offering, based on students' interests and needs. McDaniel Plan: Textural Analysis

Not crosslisted

Required for major
Majors must have at least 2 courses above 2000.


Phil3200 (1):Writing in Philosophy
MWF 12:40-2:10
Dr. Bradley	BMC 100

Description

Focused, direct instruction in the writing skills necessary for successful research papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies. Different topics are chosen for each offering, based on student's interests and needs. McDaniel Plan: Departmental Writing

Not crosslisted

Elective
Majors must have at least 2 courses above 2000.

No Courses yet planned for January, 2011.

No Courses yet planned for Spring, 2011.

No Courses yet planned for Fall, 2011.

Critical Thinking

During my post doc in the PNP Program at Washington University in St Louis, I worked with Bill Bechtel, Adele Abrahamsen and Carl Craver to develop the Inquiry project. The Inquiry project was originally conceived as a textbook to support research methods in cognitive science.

When I moved to McDaniel, I started teaching Critical Thinking twice a year. I was disheartened at the quality of basic scientific reasoning sections in the standard CT textbooks, so I started adapting the Inquiry project to support CT courses.

In the past four years, I have developed a great deal of multimedia content for use in CT classrooms. I try to post these on the TeachingPhilosophy blog, but I also forget quite a bit. If you want to browse the content:

Videos
Flash

Cognitive Science

While I haven't spent as much time developing CS materials in the past few years, I still maintain a few:

Turing Machine module at the Mind Project
Neural Networks module at the Mind Project
Other Flash resources in the Inquiry Archive

Pedagogical Games

For the past two years, I have been experimenting with academic role-playing games in the classroom. These experiments were initially inspired by the Reacting to the Past series, whose Athens game (The Threshold of Democracy) I have used successfully in three Critical Thinking courses. (Example syllabus: Spring 2007

The Reacting series is good, but it is limited in a number of ways:

Content breadth. While there are plenty of games relating to politics, there are no games on psychology, and few, if any, on the more broadly defined 'social sciences'.
Texts. The reacting structure requires a significant primary text, and a historical event around which the game can be structured. This may cause a problem for those who wish to focus on Art, for example.

Last fall, I wrote (read 'improvised') a quick 'reacting-like' game designed to introduce students to topics in social-political philosophy, such as 'rights', 'liberty', 'equality'. These topics appear in many of the political games, such as Athens, but I need the class to focus more specifically on the theoretical issues, rather than the practicalities of building triremes and plotting to become tyrant, for example.

I'm currently updating and revising that game to be used in Phil 3305: Anarchy, Autonomy and Authority in Spring '08.

I'm also drafting a game set around the APA's declassification of homosexuality as a mental illness in the 1970's. This story is fantastic - full of secret societies and backroom shenanigans - but more than that, the debate was merely a flashpoint on a much deeper issue troubling psychology and psychiatry at the time: the shift from 'internal conflict' based explanations of mental illness to bio-chemical based explanations.

At the same time, the American Psychological Association was witnessing the birth of cognitive psychology (George Miller was elected president in 1970) and the decline of behaviorism. Chomsky and Piaget's debate on innateness occurred in 1975. To make the situation even more interesting, the first African-American president of the APA was elected in 1973 () and the first women were elected president since the suffragist period ().

The game is scheduled to be played for the first time in a Sr. Sem in our psychology department in Spring '09. Although it may appear in a sophomore interdisciplinary seminar in Fall '08.

I'll post drafts as they become available.

Events